od
OD(1) General Commands Manual OD(1)
NAME
od – octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump
SYNOPSIS
od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOosvXx] [-A base] [-j skip] [-N length] [-t type]
[[+]offset[.][Bb]] [file ...]
DESCRIPTION
The od utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or standard
input if no files are specified, in a user specified format.
The options are as follows:
-A base Specify the input address base. base may be one of d, o, x
or n, which specify decimal, octal, hexadecimal addresses or
no address, respectively.
-a Output named characters. Equivalent to -t a.
-B, -o Output octal shorts. Equivalent to -t o2.
-b Output octal bytes. Equivalent to -t o1.
-c Output C-style escaped characters. Equivalent to -t c.
-D Output unsigned decimal ints. Equivalent to -t u4.
-e, -F Output double-precision floating point numbers. Equivalent
to -t fD.
-f Output single-precision floating point numbers. Equivalent
to -t fF.
-H, -X Output hexadecimal ints. Equivalent to -t x4.
-h, -x Output hexadecimal shorts. Equivalent to -t x2.
-I, -L, -l Output signed decimal longs. Equivalent to -t dL.
-i Output signed decimal ints. Equivalent to -t dI.
-j skip Skip skip bytes of the combined input before dumping. The
number may be followed by one of b, k or m which specify the
units of the number as blocks (512 bytes), kilobytes and
megabytes, respectively.
-N length Dump at most length bytes of input.
-O Output octal ints. Equivalent to -t o4.
-s Output signed decimal shorts. Equivalent to -t d2.
-t type Specify the output format. type is a string containing one
or more of the following kinds of type specifiers:
a Named characters (ASCII). Control characters are
displayed using the following names:
000 NUL 001 SOH 002 STX 003 ETX 004 EOT 005 ENQ
006 ACK 007 BEL 008 BS 009 HT 00a NL 00b VT
00c FF 00d CR 00e SO 00f SI 010 DLE 011 DC1
012 DC2 013 DC3 014 DC4 015 NAK 016 SYN 017 ETB
018 CAN 019 EM 01a SUB 01b ESC 01c FS 01d GS
01e RS 01f US 020 SP 0ff DEL
c Characters in the default character set. Non-
printing characters are represented as 3-digit octal
character codes, except the following characters,
which are represented as C escapes:
NUL \0
alert \a
backspace \b
newline \n
carriage-return \r
tab \t
vertical tab \v
Multi-byte characters are displayed in the area
corresponding to the first byte of the character.
The remaining bytes are shown as ‘**’.
[d|o|u|x][C|S|I|L|n]
Signed decimal (d), octal (o), unsigned decimal (u)
or hexadecimal (x). Followed by an optional size
specifier, which may be either C (char), S (short),
I (int), L (long), or a byte count as a decimal
integer.
f[F|D|L|n]
Floating-point number. Followed by an optional size
specifier, which may be either F (float), D (double)
or L (long double).
-v Write all input data, instead of replacing lines of
duplicate values with a ‘*’.
Multiple options that specify output format may be used; the output will
contain one line for each format.
If no output format is specified, -t oS is assumed.
ENVIRONMENT
The LANG, LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE environment variables affect the execution of
od as described in environ(7).
DIAGNOSTICS
The od utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
COMPATIBILITY
The traditional -s option to extract string constants is not supported;
consider using strings(1) instead.
SEE ALSO
hexdump(1), strings(1)
STANDARDS
The od utility conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”).
HISTORY
An od command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.
macOS 12.1 July 11, 2004 macOS 12.1